Four jungle crows (
Corvus macrorhynchos) were exposed to a mirror placed either vertically or horizontally. The most frequently observed behaviors were pecking at
the mirror and wing flapping when looking toward the mirror. These behavior patterns, which were only rarely observed when
the mirror was reversed, can be interpreted as aggressive behaviors against a conspecific. The vertical mirror evoked the
behaviors more often than the horizontal mirror. The present results suggest that crows perceive their mirror image as an
image of a conspecific, not as their own.
Key words Jungle crows - Self-image - Mirror stimulation - Social behavior - Aggression
Received: 16 December 1999 / Accepted after revision 29 January 2000