Various neural learning procedures have been proposed by different researchers in order to adapt suitable controllable parameters of neural network architectures. These can be from simple Hebbian procedures to complicated algorithms applied to individual neurons or assemblies in a neural structure. The paper presents an organized review of various learning techniques, classified according to basic characteristics such as chronology, applicability, functionality, stochasticity etc. Some of the learning procedures that have been used for the training of generic and specific neural structures, and will be reviewed are: Hebbian-like (Grossberg, Sejnowski, Sutton, Bienenstock, Oja & Karhunen, Sanger, Yuile et al., Hasselmo, Kosko, Cheung & Omidvar), Reinforcement learning, Min-max learning, Stochastic learning, Genetics-based learning, Artificial life-based learning. The various learning procedures will be critically compared, and future trends will be highlighted.