In case a CSP is over-constrained, it is natural to allow some constraints, called
soft constraints, to be violated. We propose a generic method to soften global constraints that can be represented by a flow in a graph. Such
constraints are softened by adding
violation arcs to the graph and then computing a minimum-weight flow in the extended graph to measure the violation. We present efficient
propagation algorithms, based on different violation measures, achieving domain consistency for the
alldifferent constraint, the
global cardinality constraint, the
regular constraint and the
same constraint.
Keywords Soft constraints - Global constraints - Network flows
This work was for a large part carried out while the author was at the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands