The author studied the effect of acute disturbance of the higher nervous activity, caused by overstrain of the processes of excitation in the cerebral cortex, on the course of experimental hemolytic (phenylhydrazine) anemia. In animals with disturbed dynamics of the cortical function the course of anemia after administration of the same doses of hemolytic toxin was much more severe than in intact animals. With further development of disturbance of higher nervous activity the processes of blood regeneration became less intense. Moderate normochromic anemia develops in intact animals under the influence of disturbance of higher nervous activity. This anemia progresses with further development of disturbances of cortical dynamics. The results of these experiments demonstrate the role of cortical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of phenylhydrazine anemia. They confirm the literature data on the dependence of erythropoietic function of bone marrow on the functional condition of the cerebral cortex.