The authors report some preliminary results with 150 patients who had a retropectoral augmentation mammoplasty using double-lumen prostheses with intraluminal steroids. Two control groups were also studied: one (35 patients) with steroids placed in only one prostheses and the other (25 patients) with steroid-free prostheses. The use of double-lumen prostheses which might decrease the steroid diffusion rate, and retromuscular positioning of the prostheses may account for the results obtained. The data obtained from the three groups indicate that steroids might have a significant and safe role in preventing capsular contracture.