Detailed finite element simulations were carried out to model and optimize the superplastic blow forming process using a microstructure-based constitutive model and a multiscale deformation stability criterion that accounts for both geometrical instabilities and microstructural features. Optimum strain rate forming paths were derived from the multiscale stability analysis and used to develop a variable strain rate forming control scheme. It is shown that the proposed optimization approach captures the characteristics of deformation and failure during superplastic forming and is capable of significantly reducing the forming time without compromising the uniformity of deformation. In addition, the effects of grain evolution and cavitation on the superplastic forming process were investigated, and the results clearly highlight the importance of accounting for these features to prevent premature failure.