Coinductive (applicative) characterizations of various observational congruences which arise in the semantics of

-calculus, for various reduction strategies, are discussed. Two semantic techniques for establishing the coincidence of the applicative and the contextual equivalences are analyzed. The first is based on
intersection types, the second is based on a
mixed induction-coinduction principle.
Work supported by CNR, EC HCM Project No. CHRX-CT92.0046 Lambda-Calcul Typé, and MURST 40% grant.