Medical examinations often extract localized symptoms rather than systemic observations and snap shots rather than continuous
monitoring. Using these methodologies, one cannot discretely analyze how a patient’s lifestyle affects his/her physiological
conditions and if additional symptoms occur under various stimuli. We present a minimally invasive implantable pressure sensing
system that actively monitors long-term physiological changes in real-time. Specifically, we investigate pressure changes
in the upper urinary tract per degree of obstruction. Our system integrates three components: a miniaturized sensor module,
a lightweight embedded central processing unit with battery, and a PDA. Our tether-free system measures pressure continuously
for forty-eight hours and actively transmits an outgoing signal from an implanted sensor node to a remote PDA twenty feet
away. The software in this in-vivo system is remotely reconfigurable and can be updated when needed. Preliminary experimental
results of the in-vivo pressure system demonstrate how it can wirelessly transmit pressure readings measuring 0 to 1 PSI with
an accuracy of 0.02 PSI. The challenges in biocompatible packaging, transducer drift, power management, and in-vivo signal
transmission are discussed. This research brings researchers a step closer to continuous, real-time systemic monitoring that
will allow one to analyze the dynamic human physiology.
Keywords Biomedical monitoring - implantable sensor - body sensor network