The adaptive identification of the non-linear hysteresis and creep effects in a piezoelectric actuator is proposed in this paper. Model uncertainties related to the hysteresis and creep effects, most prominently in the high frequency zone (to 100 Hz), large operating amplitude and/long operating time, can make a piezoelectric actuator-driven micro-positioning system unstable in the closed loop. Furthermore, these uncertainties may lead to inaccurate open-loop control and frequently cause harmonic distortion when a piezoelectric actuator is driven with a sinusoidal input voltage signal. In order to solve the above issues, it is important to determine an accurate non-linear dynamic model of a piezoelectric actuator. An unscented Kalman filter-based adaptive identification algorithm is presented, which accurately determines the non-linear dynamics of a piezoelectric stack type actuator such that the non-linear hysteresis and creep effects can be accurately predicted. Since hysteresis and creep are dominant in open loop, the actuator is driven in an open-loop mode in this investigation.