■ Chronic blepharitis can cause severe corneal changes, but is surprisingly often not diagnosed
■ Pathogenesis often includes skin diseases, but also bacterial involvement, meibomian gland dysfunction with altered meibomian
gland lipids, hormonal imbalance
■ Important sequelae of chronic blepharitis are dry eye syndrome, corneal involvement like keratitis, phlyctenules, pannus,
vascularization, corneal ulcers, and lid changes like trichiasis and madarosis
■ The treatment includes mechanical measures, preservative-free artificial tears, steroids, antibiotics, immunomodulatory
eye drops (e.g., steroids, cyclosporin) or ointment (e.g., FK506, Pimecrolimus), and occasionally surgical treatment