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CLEVER: Divide and Conquer Combinational Logic Equivalence VERification with False Negative Elimination
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CLEVER: Divide and Conquer Combinational Logic Equivalence VERification with False Negative Elimination
John Moondanos6 , Carl H. Seger7 , Ziyad Hanna6 and Daher Kaiss6 
| (6) |
Logic Validation Technologies, Intel Corporation, USA |
| (7) |
Strategic CAD Labs, Intel Corporation, USA |
Abstract
Formal equivalence verifiers for combinational circuits rely heavily on BDD algorithms. However, building monolithic BDDs
is often not feasible for today's complex circuits. Thus, to increase the effectiveness of BDD-based comparisons, divide-and-conquer
strategies based on cut-points are applied. Unfortunately, these algorithms may produce false negatives. Significant effort
must then be spent for determining whether the failures are indeed real. In particular, if the design is actually incorrect,
many cut-point based algorithms perform very poorly. In this paper we present a new algorithm that completely removes the
problem of false negatives by introducing normalized functions instead of free variables at cut points. In addition, this approach handles the propagation of input assumptions to cut-points,
is significantly more accurate in finding cut-points, and leads to more efficient counter-example generation for incorrect
circuits. Although, naively, our algorithm 1 would appear to be more expensive than traditional cut-point techniques, the empirical data on more than 900 complex signals
from a recent microprocessor design, shows rather the opposite.
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