NEW YORK’S Urban Development Corporation’s plan for Times Square called for four antiurbanistic office towers by Philip Johnson
and John Burgee to stand guard like cops on the beat over what was viewed as a squalid street scene. A subsequent plan, known
as “42nd Street Now!” and created by a consortium of state, city, and private groups under the stewardship of Robert A. M.
Stern and the graphic designer Tibor Kalman, prevailed in 1993 and turned Times Square into a tourist-friendly, themed outdoor
mall.