The
Arabidopsis severe gibberellin-deficient mutant
ga1-3 does not germinate even when the optimal light and temperature conditions are provided. This fact suggests that (1) gibberellin (GA) is absolutely necessary for the germination of an intact seed and (2) the
ga1-3 mutant can be used as a good system to identify factors that repress seed germination. In this report, using
ga1-3 mutation as the genetic background, we confirm that
RGL2, one member of the
DELLA family, encodes the predominant repressor of seed germination in
Arabidopsis and show that the other
DELLA genes
GAI,
RGA and
RGL1 enhance the function of
RGL2. More importantly, we show that
ga1-3 seeds lacking
RGA, RGL1 and
RGL2 or
GAI,
RGL1 and
RGL2, confer GA-independent germination in the light but not in the darkness whilst
ga1-3 seeds lacking
GAI,
RGA and
RGL2 germinate both in the light and darkness. This suggests that the destabilization or inactivation of RGA and GAI is not only triggered by GA but also possibly by light. In addition,
ga1-3 seeds lacking in all the aforementioned four
DELLA genes have elongated epidermal cells and confer light-, cold- and GA-independent seed germination. Therefore, DELLA proteins likely act as integrators of environmental and endogenous cues to regulate seed germination.
Keywords Gibberellic acid (GA) - DELLA proteins - Seed germination -
Arabidopsis