The
ninja element, originally isolated from an unstable
white mutant strain
white-milky (
wmky) of
Drosophila simulans, is a member of the retrotransposon family with long terminal repeats (LTRs). We show that
ninja is present in high copy numbers in the
wmky-derivative sublines
white-chocolate (
wcho) and
white-persimmon1 (
wpsm1), in a low copy number in another derivative subline
white-milky 3 (
wmky3), and in only a few copies in a wild type strain. We have cloned the
ninja elements from these sublines and examined their structures. Most of the elements cloned (38 out of 41 independent clones) from
wcho were full length. In contrast, only 9 of 23 independent clones from
wmky3 were full length. We hypothesize that
ninja elements were integrated and lost frequently in the
wmky strain and its derivative genomes, and that a rapid decrease in numbers of the
ninja element was caused not by an increased rate of loss but by a reduction of integration of full length
ninja elements in
wmky3. Each defective element had a unique deletion and/or an insertion except for the three from
wmky3, which had exactly the same 81-bp deletion in each of the 5

and 3

LTRs. The 5

and 3

ends of the deletion appeared to represent sequences similar to those of Drosophila consensus splicing sites. Ectopic splicing may have produced these defective
ninja elements.
Keywords Drosophila simulans - ninja element - retrotransposon