Volume 37, Number 10, 875-884, DOI: 10.1007/s00256-008-0515-7

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Founder’s lecture of the ISS 2006: borderlands of normal and early pathological findings in MRI of the foot and ankle

Marco Zanetti

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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to highlight the anatomical variants, technical pitfalls, and the prevalence of abnormal conditions in the asymptomatic population in magnetic resonance imaging of the foot and ankle. Special attention is drawn to the complex anatomy of the deltoid ligament (the superficial tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, the tibiocalcaneal ligament, and the deep anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments) and the posterior tibial tendon insertion including the magic angle artifact and the high prevalence of asymptomatic findings such as “hypertrophied” peroneal tubercle (abnormal only when larger than 5 mm), peroneus quartus (prevalence 17%), and cysts (vascular remnants) just inferior to the angle of Gissane.

Keywords  MRI, foot and ankle - Normal anatomy, foot and ankle - Variants and pitfalls, foot and ankle

The ISS Founder’s lecture honoring Professor Juergen Freyschmidt, Division of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zentralkrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany, has been delivered at the 33rd Members Meeting of the ISS held in Vancouver, September 2006. This review article is based on the 2006 Founder’s lecture.

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