This study addresses deep pore water chemistry in a permeable intertidal sand flat at the NW German coast. Sulphate, dissolved
organic carbon (DOC), nutrients, and several terminal metabolic products were studied down to 5 m sediment depth. By extending
the depth domain to several meters, insights into the functioning of deep sandy tidal flats were gained. Despite the dynamic
sedimentological conditions in the study area, the general depth profiles obtained in the relatively young intertidal flat
sediments of some metres depth are comparable to those determined in deep marine surface sediments. Besides diffusion and
lithology which control pore water profiles in most marine surface sediments, biogeochemical processes are influenced by advection
in the studied permeable intertidal flat sediments. This is supported by the model setup in which advection has to be implemented
to reproduce pore water profiles. Water exchange at the sediment surface and in deeper sediment layers converts these permeable
intertidal sediments into a “bio-reactor” where organic matter is recycled, and nutrients and DOC are released. At tidal flat
margins, a hydraulic gradient is generated, which leads to water flow towards the creekbank. Deep nutrient-rich pore waters
escaping at tidal flat margins during low tide presumably form a source of nutrients for the overlying water column in the
study area. Significant correlations between the inorganic products of terminal metabolism (NH
4
+ and PO
4
3−) and sulphate depletion suggest sulphate reduction to be the dominant pathway of anaerobic carbon remineralisation. Pore
water concentrations of sulphate, ammonium, and phosphate were used to elucidate the composition of organic matter degraded
in the sediment. Calculated C:N and C:P ratios were supported by model results.
Keywords Intertidal flat - Pore water - Sulphate - Nutrients - DOC - Geochemistry