The influence of tumor-necrosis-factor-
(TNF-
), granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukine-1 (IL-1) and IL-3 on the in vitro reactivation frequency and replication rate of trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) strain KOS was studied. It could be demonstrated that TNF-
and possibility GM-CSF, but not IL-1 and IL-3, enhanced the reactivation frequency and replication of HSV. Interferon
/
(IFN
/
) prevented reactivation and replication.