3-D unsteady computations have been carried out for a swimming tuna with an oscillating caudal fin, the flapping flight of the fruit fly and a pectoral fin swimmer, the bird wrasse, and a variety of unmanned air vehicles. Such computations for creatures or vehicles with moving and deforming surfaces can provide information on the dynamics of force production that is quite useful for vehicle design. Novel biomimetic vehicles have been designed and built and their performance is described. As vehicle size decreases there has also been a need for incorporation of novel materials, sensors, and control systems. Computational challenges for coupling novel sensor designs, vehicle timevarying force and moment computations, and self-consistent vehicle trajectory computations are discussed.