Most patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation find it beneficial even when there is little change in physical disability. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients who felt that they had not benefited from inpatient rehabilitation and to delineate the underlying reasons for this perception. From a database of 331 patients admitted to a neurological rehabilitation unit over a three-year period, we ascertained those with a low score (< 5) on a self-rated visual analogue scale (VAS) regarding their perception of the benefit of rehabilitation. We investigated their disability outcomes, aspects of the rehabilitation process through analysis of integrated care pathways, and from inspection of the multidisciplinary record identified specific adverse factors which might contribute to dissatisfaction. Low VAS scores were detected in 6% of patients (n = 19). These did not correlate with baseline demographic factors or disability levels, but were associated with unresolved external problems regarding community care and accommodation, and conflicts between patients and therapists. We conclude that from the patients perspective, successful inpatient rehabilitation depends on adequate attention given to community-based issues and health care professionals recognising patients needs. When these two conditions are not fulfilled, patients are more likely to express a lack of satisfaction with their rehabilitation.