Peritoneal dialysis is associated with a collection of complications unique to the modality but not involving infection of the peritoneal fluid, catheter, exit site, or tunnel. Some complications are related to increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as abdominal hernias and leaks of dialysis fluid. The long-term presence of dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity can result in a rare syndrome of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and other mechanisms of damage to the peritoneal membrane. Other complications are similar to those encountered in hemodialysis patients. Examples of these include dialysis-associated amyloidosis and acquired cystic disease of the kidney. This chapter will address these and other noninfectious complications of peritoneal dialysis.