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Every Banach Space is Reflexive

Christophe Van OlmenContact Information and Stijn VerwulgenContact Information

(1) Department of Mathematics, University of Antwerp, Middleheimlaan 1, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium

Received: 22 March 2005  Accepted: 28 November 2005  Published online: 9 March 2006

Abstract  The title above is wrong, because the strong dual of a Banach space is too strong to assert that the natural correspondence between a space and its bidual is an isomorphism. However, for many applications it suffices to replace the norm on the first dual by the weak*-structure in order to solve the non-reflexiveness problem [1]. But in this way, only the original vector space is recovered by taking the second dual. In this work we introduce a suitable numerical structure on vector spaces such that Banach balls, or more precisely totally convex modules, arise naturally in duality, namely as a category of Eilenberg–Moore algebras. This numerical structure naturally overlies the weak*-topology on the algebraic dual, so the entire Banach space can be reconstructed as a second dual. Moreover, the isomorphism between the original space and its bidual is the unit of an adjunction between the two-dualisation functors. Notice that the weak*-topology is normable only if it lives on a finite dimensional space; in that case the original space is trivial as well, hence reflexive. So the overlying numerical structure should be something more general than a norm or a seminorm and thus approach theory [2, 3] enters the picture.

Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000)  18C20 - 46B10 - 52A01

Key words  locally convex approach space - duality - totally convex module - Banach space - weak*-structure


Contact InformationChristophe Van Olmen
Email: christophe.vanolmen@ua.ac.be

Contact InformationStijn Verwulgen (Corresponding author)
Email: stijn.verwulgen@ua.ac.be
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  1. Verwulgen, S. (2006) Duality, Vector Spaces and Absolutely Convex Modules. Applied Categorical Structures
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