Results of pollenanalytical investigations in the Highlands of Mexico (area of Puebla — Tlaxcala) are presented together with a survey of the last 35 000 years of vegetation history. After 3 pine periods from 35 000 to about 7 000–8 000 B. P., according to high and late Pleistocene condition, the Holocene vegetation history becomes more diversified: periods of alder, pine, fir and mixed oak forests alternate and end in a period of cultivated landscape.