OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs), preventable ADEs, and ameliorable ADEs occurring after hospital
discharge and their associated risk factors.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING: Urban academic health sciences center.
PATIENTS: Consecutive patients discharged home from the general medical service.
INTERVENTIONS: We determined posthospital outcomes approximately 24 days following discharge by performing a chart review and telephone
interview. Using the telephone interview, we identified new or worsening symptoms, the patient’s health system use, and recollection
of processes of care. Posthospital outcomes were judged by 2 internists independently.
RESULTS: Four hundred of 581 potentially eligible patients were evaluated. Of the 400 patients, 45 developed an ADE (incidence, 11%;
95% confidence interval [CI], 8% to 14%). Of these, 27% were preventable and 33% were ameliorable. Injuries were significant
in 32 patients, serious in 6, and life threatening in 7. Patients were less likely to experience an ADE if they recalled having
side effects of prescribed medications explained (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8). The risk of ADE per prescription was highest
for corticosteroids, anticoagulants, antibiotics, analgesics, and cardiovascular medications. Risk increased with prescription
number. Failure to monitor was an especially common cause of preventable and ameliorable ADEs.
CONCLUSION: Following discharge, ADEs were common and many were preventable or ameliorable. Medication side effects should be discussed,
and interventions should include better monitoring and target patients receiving specific drug classes or multiple medications.
Key words patient safety - adverse drug reactions - medical errors - hospital care
There are no conflicts of interest to report.
Dr. Forster was supported in this research by an R. Samuel McLaughlin Fellowship.