Pieces of hairy skin tissue of fetal rat were transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of adult rats. The ability of autonomic and sensory nerve fibers from the host iris to innervate the grafted skin tissue was immunohistochemically and enzyme-histochemically examined using antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and a reaction medium for acetylcholinesterase (AchE). The grafted tissue was successfully implanted and connected with the host iris. Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, hairs, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and piloerector muscles developed in the graft. Two weeks after transplantation, TH-, SP-, and CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were observed in association with the blood vessels in the graft. Four weeks after transplantation, TH-immunoreactive fibers were distributed in the piloerector muscles, whereas SP-and CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were present around the hair follicles. VIP-immunoreactive and AchE-positive fibers were restricted to the host iris at all survival times. These results suggest that the outgrowth of autonomic and sensory nerve fibers from the host iris show target specificity for the grafted skin tissue.