All metallurgical plants that make metal must have a subdivision that performs radiation monitoring of raw materials, scrap, finished products, and waste products. A wide range of instruments and methods can be used to perform such monitoring under metallurgical production conditions. The choice of instrument and method is made with allowance for the volume of metal production at the given plant, the products it makes, the raw materials and semifinished products it uses, and the characteristics of the wastes generated in the production process. Relatively large plans must have stationary monitoring systems at their disposal along with portable instruments, crane-mounted systems, and high-sensitivity radiometer-spectrometers. When production volume is small, only some of these tools need be used.