Buchnera aphidicola is an endosymbiont of aphids. One of its functions appears to be the synthesis of essential amino acids for the aphid host. A 12.8-kilobase B. aphidicola DNA fragment has been cloned and sequenced. It contains genes encoding all of the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of the essential amino acid histidine. The order of the genes, hisGDCBHAFI, is the same as that found in Escherichia coli and is consistent with their constituting a single transcription unit. The DNA fragment also contained genes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis (aroC), the oxidative pentose pathway (gnd), and 2′-deoxyribonucleotide metabolism (dcd), as well as a tRNA synthase (metG).