The hydrodynamical heart of an ink-jet printer is the print head, in which a large number of miniature valveless pumps are
integrated. Each pump, when actuated electrically, delivers exactly one droplet of a specified flight direction, speed and
size (drop-on-demand: DOD). In studies of the behaviour of miniature pumps only one pump is usually considered. The issue
discussed in this paper is: do size and velocity of a droplet depend on the design of the print head? To answer this question
we modelled the print head as a number of identical Helmholtz resonators, all connected to a main supply channel. The main
supply channel was connected to the ink reservoir through a hose pillar and was also modelled as a Helmholtz resonator. The
behaviour of such a manifold of Helmholtz resonators was analysed in both the frequency and the time domain. The paper concerns
the hydro-acoustics and hydrodynamics of piezoelectrically activated ink-jet print heads.
ink-jet printing - drop-on-demand - droplet formation - hydro-acoustics - multi-cavity resonances - surface tension - surface tension driven fluid oscillations
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.