The eukaryotic
Mutator family of transposable elements is widespread in plants. Active or potentially active copies are also found in fungi and
protozoans, and sequences related to this family have been detected in metazoans as well. Members of this family are called
Mutator-like elements (
MULE
s). They encode transposases, which contain a region conserved with transposases of the
IS256 prokaryotic family, known to harbor a DDE catalytic domain. Different DDE or D34E motifs have been proposed in some groups
of eukaryotic
MULEs based on primary sequence conservation. On a large number of protein sequences related to, and representative of, all
MULE families, we analyzed global conservation, the close environment of different acidic residues and the secondary structure.
This allowed us to identify a potential DDE motif that is likely to be homologous to the one in
IS256-like transposases. The characteristics of this motif are depicted in each known family of
MULEs. Different hypotheses about the evolution of this triad are discussed.
Keywords Transposase - DDE catalytic core - Mutator-like elements - Protein domain - Transposable element