· Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) produces two-dimensional cross-sectional images with a longitudinal resolution of 10 μm. Its capacity for imaging retinal structure has been shown in a variety of diseases. There are no reports on its capacity and limitations in imaging choriocapillary and choroidal structures. · Methods: Twenty-two patients with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid were submitted to OCT. We used a prototype and a commercial device, both with an 850-nm superluminescent diode with a bandwidth of 30 nm (reported longitudinal resolution 10 μm). The images were evaluated for retinal thickness, changes in retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulation and changes in choriocapillary or choroidal reflectivity. · Results: Retinal edema and detachment found on biomicroscopic examination for fluorescein angiography was detected by OCT in all such cases. In 2 of 22 cases small retinal detachments were detected only by OCT. Tumor extension through the retinal pigment epithelium was not seen in this series, either by biomicroscopy or by OCT. The pattern of choroidal or choriocapillary reflectivity was nonspecifically lower than that of normal choroid, but did not yield any additional information about tumor histology. When normal retina was present, the OCT appearance of a malignant melanoma resembled that of normal choroid. · Conclusion: OCT may provide information about the retinal structure overlying prominent tumors and the extent of adjacent retinal detachment. In its present state of development, OCT is of little value in the differential diagnosis of choroidal tumors. Its potential value for the follow-up of shallow tumors needs further investigation.