One of the most frequent operations in modern cryptosystems is a multi-scalar multiplication with two scalars. Common methods
to compute it are the Shamir method and the Interleave method whereas their speed mainly depends on the (joint) Hamming weight
of the scalars. To increase the speed, the scalars are usually deployed using some general representation which provides a
lower (joint) Hamming weight than the binary representation. However, by using such general representations the precomputation
and storing of some points becomes necessary and therefore more memory is required. Probably the most famous method to speed
up the Shamir method is the joint sparse form (JSF). The resulting representation has an average joint Hamming weight of 1/2
and it uses the digits 0,± 1. To compute a multi-scalar multiplication with the JSF, the precomputation of two points is required.
While for two precomputed points both the Shamir and the Interleave method provide the same efficiency, until now the Interleave
method is faster in any case where more points are precomputed. This paper extends the used digits of the JSF in a natural
way, namely we use the digits 0, ±1, ±3 which results in the necessity to precompute ten points. We will prove that using
the proposed scheme, the average joint Hamming density is reduced to 239/661 ≈ 0.3615. Hence, a multi-scalar multiplication
can be computed more than 10% faster, compared to the JSF. Further, our scheme is superior to all known methods using ten
precomputed points and is therefore the first method to improve the Shamir method such that it is faster than the Interleave
method. Another advantage of the new representation is, that it is generated starting at the most significant bit. More specific,
we need to store only up to 5 joint bits of the new representation at a time. Compared to representations which are generated
starting at the least significant bit, where we have to store the whole representation, this yields a significant saving of
memory.
Keywords elliptic curve cryptosystem - joint sparse form - left-to-right - multi-scalar multiplication - shamir method